חיישנים, מפעילים וממשקי HMI
✦ בנוי על ידי פהד גאנם ✦
العربية
☀ מצב בהיר
1
▾
✕
f
s
=
1
T
scan
| T
scan
= 10 ms | f
s
= 100 Hz | PNP = +24 V | NPN = 0 V
1.0×
10 ms
5 ms
0
0
0
0
f
s
=
1
T
scan
=
1
0.010 s
= 100 Hz
t
ev
T
scan
=
5 ms
10 ms
= 0.5
2
▾
✕
R
PT100
= 100 · (1 + α·t) | α = 0.00385 | R
NTC
= R
25
· e
B·(
1
T
−
1
T
25
)
t =
R − 100
100 · α
| U
out
= U
in
·
R
s
R
f
+ R
s
| p = ρ·g·h | t
echo
=
2 · d
v
25 °C
2000 Ω
10000 Ω
60 %
0
0
0
R = 100 · (1 + α·t) ⟹ t =
R − 100
100 · α
t =
138.50 − 100
100 · 0.00385
=
38.50
0.385
= 100 °C
U
out
= U
in
·
R
s
R
f
+ R
s
= 5 V ·
2000 Ω
10000 Ω + 2000 Ω
= 5 V ·
2000
12000
= 0.833 V
S =
U
in
· R
f
(R
f
+ R
s
)²
=
5 · 10000
12000²
= 0.347
mV
Ω
3
▾
✕
I = 4 + 16 ·
t − t
min
t
max
− t
min
| t = t
min
+
(I − 4) · (t
max
− t
min
)
16
| U = 10 ·
t − t
min
t
max
− t
min
| LSB =
U
ref
2
n
50 °C
0 m
10 bit
10 V
0
0
0
0
t = t
min
+
(I − 4) · (t
max
− t
min
)
16
t = 0 +
(12 − 4) · (100 − 0)
16
=
800
16
= 50 °C
I = 4 + 16 ·
50 − 0
100 − 0
= 4 + 16 ·
1
2
= 12 mA
I = 0 mA < 4 mA
U = 10 ·
50 − 0
100 − 0
= 5.00 V
4
▾
✕
u
L
= L ·
Δi
Δt
| I
load
≤ I
out,max
| h =
V
V
max
· 100%
—
1.6 s
—
—
—
—
u
L
= L ·
Δi
Δt
5
▾
✕
N
syn
= n
i
+ 1 | N
pnl
= n
i
+ n
c
+ 2 | N
pc
= 4
12
1.6 s
—
—
—
—
N
pnl
= n
i
+ n
c
+ 2 = 12 + 8 + 2 = 22
N
pc
= 2 + 2 = 4
18 + 8 + 2 = 28 → 28 − 22 = 6 | 4 − 4 = 0
★
▾
✕
t
אירוע
=
L
v
| R = 100(1 + αt) | I = 4 + 16·
p
p
max
| LSB =
U
ref
2
n
| I =
P
U
1 / 5
1
2
3
4
5
→
🏠
♿