הגרעין ומבוא לחלקיקים יסודיים
✦ בנוי על ידי פהד גאנם ✦
العربية
☀ מצב בהיר
7.1
▾
✕
A = Z + N |
N
Z
= 1.00 … 1.55 | E
c
∝
Z·(Z−1)
R
6
6
6
12
6
1.00
—
C-12
0
0
0
0
Z = 6 N = A − Z = 14 − 6 = 8
N
Z
=
8
6
= 1.33
6
6
= 1.00 1.33 > 1.00
7.2
▾
✕
E = Δm·c² | E
α
= Q·
A − 4
A
| E
β
+ E
ν
= Q | Ē
β
≈
Q
3
U-238
4.3 MeV
238
92
U
234
90
Th
238
238
92
92
4.30
4.30
0.00
0.00
0
238
92
U
→
234
90
Th
+
4
2
He
234
90
Th
→
234
91
Pa
+
0
−1
e
+
0
0
ν̄
238 = 234 + 4 · 92 = 90 + 2 · 234 = 234 + 0 + 0 · 90 = 91 + (−1) + 0
7.3
▾
✕
N = N
0
· (
1
2
)
n
| n =
t
T
½
| λ =
ln 2
T
½
1000
2.0 s
×1.00
0
0
0.0
0.00
0
1.000
0
0
N
N
0
= (
1
2
)
n
=
1
4
= (
1
2
)
2
n = 2
n =
t
T
½
→ t = n · T
½
= 2 · 5730 = 11460
n =
17190
5730
= 3
N
N
0
= (
1
2
)
3
=
1
8
= 0.125
7.4–7.5
▾
✕
Δm = Z·m
p
+ N·m
n
− M | E
b
= Δm·c² |
E
b
A
| 1 u ↔ 931.5 MeV
Fe-56
0
0
0
0
0
0
Σm = 2·1.00728 + 2·1.00866 = 2.01456 + 2.01732 = 4.03188 u
Δm = 4.03188 − 4.00151 = 0.03037 u
E
b
= Δm ·
931.5 MeV
1 u
= 0.03037 ·
931.5 MeV
1 u
= 28.29 MeV
E
b
A
=
28.29 MeV
4
= 7.07 MeV
g
γ
W± · Z⁰
G
e⁻ ↔ e⁺ p ↔ p̄
e⁻ + e⁺ → 2γ E = 2 · 0.511 = 1.022 MeV
γ → e⁻ + e⁺ E
min
= 1.022 MeV
→
🏠
♿